Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. a). Define the term ranching.                                                                                                  (1 mark)

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b). State fou rways in which ranching can be improved.                                                        (2 marks)

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• List four reasons for using certified planting materials                                                          (2 marks)

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• State four importance of ridging.                                                                                           (2 marks)

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• a). What are forage crops?                                                                                                      (1 mark)

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b). Give four factors that affect quality of silage.                                                                 (2 marks)

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• State four factors that contribute to the competitive ability of weeds.                                 (2 marks)

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• State four factors that influence solifluction.                                                                                    (2 marks)

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• State two functions of polythene sheet when used as a mulching material.                          (1 mark)

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• a). Define the term opportunity cost.                                                                                      (1 mark)

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b). Give two situations in which the opportunity cost would be zero.                                   (1 mark)

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• State four advantages of overhead irrigation.                                                                                    (2 marks)

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1. a). Define the term land reform.                                                                                             (1 mark)

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b). State four advantages of communal land tenure system.                                                 (2 marks)

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1. State four types of financial documents.                                                                               (2 marks)

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1. Define the following terms as used in agroforestry:

a). Lopping.                                                                                                                             (1 mark)

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b). Pollarding                                                                                                                          (1 mark)

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1. State four factors that determine the quality of hay.                                                             (2 marks)

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1. State four characteristics of plants used as green manure.                                                     (2 marks)

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…

Section bKCSE PREDICTION 2022 AGRICULTURE PR 1-QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

The diagram below represents a method of crop propagation.

1. Identify the method of propagation.                                                                                (1 mark)

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• What is the advantage of the above method of crop propagation?                                  (1 mark)

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• List any three processes by which part of a stem is induced to produce roots while attached to the mother plant.                                                                                                                     (3 marks)

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1. The diagram below shows a common weed. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Name the weed

1. Why is it difficult to control the above weed?                                                                 (1mark)

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• State three economic importance of the weed.                                        (3marks)

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1. Naliaka is a maize farmer in Mumias. She has been advised by an extension officer to top dress her five hectare maize farm with Calcium Ammonium Nitrate (C.A.N) at the rate of 150kg per hectare. C.A.N has 21Nitrogen.

a). Calculate the amount of fertilizer that Naliaka would need to top dress his farm adequately. Show your working.                                                                                                                      (3 marks)

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b). Give two types of soil sampling methods.                                                                        (2 marks)

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a). Name the practices illustrated above.                                                                                (2 mark)

C………………………………………………………………………………………………………

D………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b). Name a crops in which the practice C is carried out.                                                        (1 marks)

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c). Give two importance of the practice labeled C.                                                                (2 marks)

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SECTION C (40MARKS)

Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided

1. A farmer has 160 ha of land, 60 ha of which is under wheat ,32 ha under maize,12 ha under     fodder crops and the rest under pastures. She wishes to know whether replacing 12 ha of maize with Irish potatoes the following year would be worthwhile. The fertilizer would have to be increased from 5 bags per ha for maize to 7 bags per ha for Irish potatoes and an extra 100 man –days casual of casual labour per ha will be necessary as a result of change. The average yields of maize and Irish potatoes is 45 and 115 bags per ha respectively. The prices are shs.1400 per bag for maize and ksh.1200 per bag for irish potatoes. Seed cost seed costs are shs. 2500 per ha for maize and shs.30, 000 per ha for irish potatoes. Fertilizer costs are shs.1300 per bag. Labour is paid at shs.150 per man-day.

Draw a partial budget and indicate the effects of change                                          (10 marks)

b). Describe five ways by which farmers adjust to risks and uncertainties.                                (5 marks)

c). Explain five effects of weeds on pastures.                                                                             (5 marks)

• a). Briefly describe factors that influence soil erosion.                                                           (8 marks)

b). Explain the importance of a nursery bed   in crop production                                                        (7 marks)

c). State five advantages of timely planting of annual crops.                                                 (5 marks)

• a). Describe eight cultural methods of controlling pests.                                                        (8 marks)

b). Briefly explain biological factors that influence agriculture.                                             (6 marks)

c). Describe the harvesting of pyrethrum.                                                                               (6 marks) 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