FIND KCSE 2022 EXPECTED HISTORY PAPER 2 QUESTIONS

SECTION A (25 MARKS) Answer all questions in this section

1. State one chemical dating method used in archaeology.                                                        (1mrk)
2. Radio Carbon 14 dating method.
3. Potassium Argon Dating.
4. Identify two urban centers which sprang as a result of early agriculture in Mesopotamia. (2mks)
5. Babylon.
6. Ur
7. Uruk.
8. Identify the main item of trade obtained from West Africa during the trans-Saharan trade. (1mk)
9. Salt.
10. Give the contribution of Henry Ford in the development of transport.                                  (1mk)   
11. Invention of the modern car.                                                                 
12.  Identify two disadvantages of human porterage as a means of transport.     2mks)                   
13. Limited to short distances.
14. Prone to attack by wild animals.
15. Affected by hostile weather conditions.
16. Limited quantity of goods.
17. Slower than animal transport.
18. Give two uses of electricity as a source of energy.                                                          (1mrk)
19. Cooking.
20. Lighting.
21. Heating.
22. Power electric vehicles.
23.  State two factors for the decline of early urban centers in Africa.                                              (2mks)
24. Change of trade routes.
25. Decline of trading activities.
26. Exhaustion of mineral deposites.
27. Attack by external communities/wars of conquests.
28. Decline of administrative activites/ollapse of kingdoms.

• Give two activities during the Odwira festival among the Asante in pre colonial Africa. (2mks)
• Honour the dead.
• Settle differences between the Omanhenes.
• Paying allegiance to Asantehene
•   Give two features of a good constitution.                                                                      ( 2mrks)
• Definite.
• Flexible
• Comprehensive.
• Should protect fundamental human rights.
• Clearly spells procedures for amendments.
• Give two ways in which industrial revolution contributed to European invasion of Africa. (2mks)   
• Surplus capital for invesntment.
• Led to icreasesed population in Europe
• Need for raw materials for European industries.
• Need for market for industrial goods.  
• Production of weapons eg guns to subdue Africans.                 
• Give the main reason why British used direct rule to administer colonies in Africa.                                                                                                                                                  
• Africans offered stiff resistance against the British eroding their confidence.
• Identify two political parties that were used in liberation movement in Ghana.                                                              (2mrks)
• Convention Peoples Party.
• United Gold Coast Convention.

1. Name two leaders involved in the formation of the League of Nations in 1919.                          (1mrk)
2. George Clemenceau
3. Woodrow Wilson
4. David Lloyd.
5. Provide one military organization formed during cold war.            
6. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.
7. WarSaw Pact.
8. Identify two challenges facing New East African Community today.                              (2mks)
9. Ideologoica differences.
10. Inadequate funds.
11. Perceived unequal gains
12. Personality differences.
13. Border disputes.
14. Poverty among member states,
15. Presence of militia groups eg Alsaab
16. Divided loyalty among member states.

1. State two` ways in which President Nyerere promoted education in Tanzania.         (1mk) 
2. Use of Kiswahili as a language of instructions in schools.
3. Building of more universities eg University of Daresalaam
4. Established free compulsory education
5. Popularized philosophy of education for self reliance
6. Introduced adult education.

1. Mention one way of becoming a prime Minister in India.                                  (1mk)
2. Leader of the majority political party in the House of the People.

SECTION B

      18 (a) State three theories that explain the origin of man

1. Evolution theory
2. Creation theory
3. Mythical theory.                                                                                              Any 3×1=3 marks

   (b) Describe the culture of man during the middle Stone Age period

1. Man ate cooked food.
2. Man lived in caves/ rock shelters
3. Man started practicing rock art.
4. Man used distinct languages to communicate.
5. Man lived in small groups for security reasons
6. Man started putting on animal skin as clothes.
7. Migrated to warmer areas.
8. Man used sangoan tools.
9. Obtained food through hunting and gathering.
10. Man painted himself with red ochre and oil.                                                     Any 2×6=12 marks

19 State five economic results of air transport

1. It has led to growth of international trade and other business activities as it has facilitated the transportation of perishable goods and handling of urgent documents and messages.
2. It has provided employment opportunities to many people who work in airports and in the airports, e.g. pilots, engineers, hostesses, stewards, etc.
3. It has improved agricultural production as planes are used to spray and dust insecticides on crops.
4. It has enhanced wildlife management and conservation as planes are used in counting of wild animals by wildlife servicemen.
5. Aircraft manufacturing industry is a source of revenue to many countries.
6. Tourism industry has been boosted throughout the world as movement of people has been made faster and easier.
7. It provides transport to inaccessible areas where other modes of transport cannot be reached. For example on mountain tops and flooded areas.
8. It has improved space exploration as satellites are used to study objects in space such as stars and planets.
9. In meteorology, planes have enhanced weather survey activities thus assisting in evading disasters such as hurricanes and floods.
10. It has been used to break hail in order to cause rainfall.                                      Any 5×1=5 marks

(b) Explain five reasons for the decline of the trans-Atlantic trade

1. Industrialization in Britain led to use of machines which replaced human labor thus leading to the decline of the slave trade.
2. Attainment of independence by U.S.A in 1776 left Britain in dilemma since she had no colonies where she would take slaves to work.
3. French revolution of 1789 emphasized liberty, equality of all human beings thus impacting negatively on slave trade.
4. The closure of the American slave market after the defeat of South American states left the slave dealers with no market for their slaves.
5. Emergence of leading English economists like Adam Smith argued that free labor is more productive than slave labor thus leading to the decline in slave trade.
6. Pressure from philanthropists like William Wilberforce who waged a great campaign against slavery and slave trade.
7. The Christian revival movement of the 19^th century perceived slavery and slave trade as the height of evil in the society that needed to be eradicated.
8. The development of the so-called which was bound to be more lucrative and less costly than slave trade consequently began to replace slave trade. Any 5 ×2=10 marks

20 (a) State three uses of coal during the industrial revolution in Europe

1. Heating water to produce steam
2. Converted to electricity for industrial use
3. To move locomotives
4. In iron smelting.
5. Manufacture of pharmaceuticals.                                                                     Any 3×1=3 marks

    (b) Describe the social organization of the Buganda kingdom during the pre-colonial period

1. The kingdom was divided in social classes with the royal family occupying the top of the hierarchy, then ruling class, and at the bottom were slaves.
2. At the bottom of the social class were the slaves (badu) who were mainly acquired through raids.
3. The Buganda believed in the existence of many gods whom they worshipped for prosperity.
4. They believed in the existence of the ancestral spirits whose main responsibility was to maintain discipline in the clans the Baganda had religious specialists such as diviners, medicine men and prophets.
5. Their method of marriage was polygamy as men were allowed to marry many women.
6. There was division of labor according to sex as girls did household chores and men hunting, and looking after cattle, sheep and goats.                                                                Any 6×2=12 marks

21 (a) state three economic reasons why the European scrambled for colonies in Africa 

1. Need for market for industrial goods,
2. Need to invest in Africa,
3. Need for raw materials in Africa.                                                                          Any 3×1=3marks

     (b) Explain six reasons why the French policy of assimilation failed in Senegal

1. Most African communities were not willing to abandon their culture.
2. France was mainly motivated by the economic factors to acquire the colonies.
3. There was fear among some European Frenchmen that such assimilated Africans could become serious economic rivals.
4. It was an expensive exercise to assimilate all the Africans.
5. The traditional African rulers did not want to lose their authority over the assimilated Africans.
6. Muslims resisted fiercely the French attempt to convert them to Christianity.
7. The French citizens in the motherland opposed the policy as they feared being outnumbered in the chamber of deputies.
8. Racial discrimination against the indigenous people also contributed to the failure of the system.

                                                                                                                           Any 6×2=12 marks

SECTION C

22 (a) Outline three functions of the United Nations General Assembly.

1. Discuss issues related to international peace and security
2. Elects judges of international court of justice
3. Receive reports from Security Council and other organs.
4. Approves UN budget
5. Admits/suspends members into the union
6. Elects non-permanent members of UN Security council.
7. Make recommendations on maintenance of international peace and security.
8. .                                                                                  Any 3×1=3marks

           (b) Explain six achievements of United Nations.

1. Enhanced decolonization of colonized states
2. Has successfully solved inter state disputes
3. Has supported recognition of rights of women and children across the world
4. Has environmental degradation through UNEP
5. HAS reduced conflicts and discouraged wars through peace keeping missions.
6. Has provided food and other needs to people affected by drought and wars
7. has promoted socio economic development in many parts of the world
8. Has promoted good governance among member states.     6×2=12 marks

23 (a) outline five aims of OAU. (5 marks)

1. Promote continental unity
2. Uplift welfare of Afrocan people
3. Defend African Sovereignity
4. Eradicate colonialism.
5. Promote international cooperation. Any 5×1=5 marks

          (b) Explain five political challenges facing Democratic Republic of Congo since independence (10 marks)

1. DRC experienced political turmoil after six days of independence given that her multi-ethnic composition of about 80 tribes made unity difficult.
2. Belgium forces came to crush an army mutiny in DRC to stop massive looting, destruction of property, making Congo ungovernable.
3. The Congo crisis culminated in session of Katanga under Moise Tsombe and the Kasai under Albert Kilonji.
4. Political and ideological differences existed between the Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba who advocated for federal government and president Kasavubu who favored a unitary government.
5. There was disintegration of DRC in 1961 when Patrice Lumumba’s supporters withdrew to Kisangani due to the assassination of Lumumba.
6. The Belgian and the United Nations forces that came during the Congo crisis at independence interfered with the running of DRC government.
7. In 1965, Joseph Desire Mobutu Sese Seko took over power from Kasavubu through a military coup.
8. Mobutu became a dictator and banned all political parties, centralizing power and suspending the DRC parliament.
9. The Shaba rebellion of 1977 to 1978 caused a civil war in the country. Any 5×2=10 marks

24 (a) Outline the composition of the executive organ of the government of USA 

1. The president.
2. The Vice-President.
3. The cabinet.
4. The civil service.  Any 3×1=3marks

(b) Explain six roles of state governments in United States of America.                                      

1. Establish local governments
2. provide social services within the state
3. Raise local revenue for the state
4. Control trade within the state
5. Provide state police
6. Control labour and business within the state
7. Maintain law and order in state.  6×2=12 marks